Digital Image Processing

Image Processing

Abstract:

Image processing is developed in several fields like face recognition, pattern recognition, camera devices like mobiles and HD cameras are used to process the images. In this current world the transportation and technology is developing mutually. In this paper, we discuss and address the issue of detecting vehicle and accident in traffic data from video frames. Although various researches have been done in this area and many methods have been implemented, still this area has room for improvements. With a view to do improvements, it is proposed to develop an unique algorithm for vehicle data recognition and tracking the accidents using Gaussian mixture model and blob detection methods. First, we differentiate the foreground from background in frames by learning the background. Here, foreground detector detects the object and a binary computation is done to define rectangular regions around every detected object. To detect the moving object correctly and to remove the noise some morphological operations have been applied. Then the final counting is done by tracking the detected objects and their regions. Automatic Number plate Recognition is an application of Traffic Analysis which use mainly for security purpose which identifies the character directly from the image of license plate.

Keywords:

face recognition, pattern recognition, camera devices, transportation, blob detection, frame, foreground detector.

I.               Introduction:

In the field of modern computer science, Image processing or computer vision is the use of algorithms to process an image so as to extract useful information from it. Image processing is the fundamental technology of pattern recognition, feature extraction, face detection and even classification by capturing image and process it to eigen value or eigen vector. It checks whether the captured data is same as the saved data. It is basically a method to convert an image to a digital form. It is used for visualization, Image sharpening, Image retrieval, Pattern recognition and image recognition also.

Accident analysis:

Nowadays Accidents are common on highways, so many death  rates are detected due to delay of information from the Accident location, in this we can update this issue by using sensors  and CCTV camera on highways gives us the information about the accidents and the technique of capturing number plate can be used for the information source.

II.             Theory:

The researches made on automatic vehicle detection and traffic methodology gives the base for our idea in developing the image processing on the highways to detect the accidents and send the signals immediately to control station so that the system works more efficiently. Automatic recognition of vehicle data has been widely used in the vehicle information system and intelligent traffic system. It has acquired more attention of researchers from the last decade with the advancement of digital imaging technology and computational capacity.

Automatic vehicle detection systems are keys to road traffic control nowadays some applications of these systems are traffic response system, traffic signal controller, lane departure warning system, automatic vehicle accident detection and automatic traffic density estimation. The vision of Image Processing has made a great impact to minute components in the field of modern computer science.

The image processing, promotes an environment where humans are surrounded by intelligent and natural interfaces offered by the interconnected different computing devices embedded into everyday objects. The environment thus created is capable of recognizing and responding to the actions quickly with higher speed. These technologies integrate sensing, processing, reasoning, and networking capabilities in addition to various applications, services and digital contents. In this paper we trying to improve the accidental detection and send the signals to save the life’s on the highway.

For detecting we use traffic cameras and few mathematical technics to recognize the accidents.

The primary and basic usage of cameras on highway provides information of the injured person, implementation and installation of effective cameras on highways captures maximum distance footage, thus we can get the information of the injurer immediately, in this method reduces death rate.

The provided camera covers around one kilometer and send signals if any unusual incidents happens on highways and sends the signals immediately to the control station. The footage captured will be saved for the 10 days and the unusual incidents are stored permanently for managing the data and information for the future use. These storing data will be managed by software.

Graphical representation of death crashes in India.

III.          Working:

Since capturing an image from a camera is a physical process. The sunlight is used as a source of energy. A sensor array is used for the acquisition of the image. So when the sunlight falls upon the object, then the amount of light reflected by that object is sensed by the sensors, and a continuous voltage signal is generated by the amount of sensed data. In order to create a digital image, we need to convert this data into a digital form. This involves sampling and quantization.  The result of sampling and quantization results in an two dimensional array or matrix of numbers which are nothing but a digital image.

An image can be regarded as a function f (x, y) of two continuous variables x and y. To be processed digitally, it has to be sampled and transformed into a matrix of numbers. Since a computer represents the numbers using finite precision, these numbers have to be quantized to be represented digitally. Digital image processing consists of the manipulation of those finite precision numbers.

IV.           Camera features:

SIGMA-1000M-1012 camera

Turn-key extreme long-range 24/7 surveillance system

Color by Day Black and white by Night

Over 1km (1000m) of IR illumination Zoom Laser IR Diode

46-1012mm IR corrected motorized zoom lens

Photosensitive for auto switching between day/night modes

Micro-Step technology for accurate pan/tilt better than 0.01°

360° continuous rotation with tilt functions

Rugged military high strength IP 66 enclosure

Extreme weather -45°C to +60°C rated

V.              Applications:

•        Reduces death rate on highways

•        Helps in maintaining data of incidents done on highways

•        Injuries will be detected immediately

•        We can quickly react for the service for injurer

•        we can easily find whose mistake.

VI.          Result:

Graphical User Interface or GUI is a part of MATLAB, a type of display format that enables the user to choose commands, start programs, and see the result.

Step1: Background subtraction image obtained after Selecting 4 input image for path with different traffic volume on each path.

Figure 1: Snapshot of Background Subtraction.

Step 2: Result of traffic analysis the camera captures all the frames and detects the accidents and sends the accident data to the control station.

Figure 2: Snapshot of Accident on highway.

VII.       Conclusion:

With the help of deep learning algorithms and neural networks, machines can be taught to see and interpret images in the way required for a particular task. Progress in the implementation of AI-based image processing is impressive and opens a wide range of opportunities in fields from medicine and agriculture to retail and law enforcement.

Developers are curious about AI and machine learning, so we keep track of the latest improvements in AI-powered image processing and use this knowledge when working on our AI projects. We’ll gladly assist you in implementing image processing functionality in your current web application or building a custom AI-based solution from scratch.

VIII.     Related work:

In the recent years of researches, various approaches have been applied in this particular area of detecting vehicle data but still the gap is there as it needs improvement in detection and tracking for accurate prediction. The camera plays an important role in capturing the footage on highways; if we designed over the highways street light we can reduce the space for building this. For power supply we can use the same street light so it reduces power usage. Signals will be sending immediately to the control station so the members on there can try to help the injurer.


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